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There are, however, four common events that typically induce large changes in pressure: 1. Stronger or thicker walled pipe and fittings are better able to withstand the repeated impacts of liquid hammer but, as the strength of the pipe and fittings increases, the velocity of the shock wave increases causing more damage.ĬAUSES OF LIQUID HAMMER: The causes of liquid hammer are varied. The non compressible nature of most liquids is what transmits a shock wave through pipelines at such unimaginable speeds.
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Pipenet vision full#
If you have a pipeline 1,000 meters long full of water, injecting a thimble full of water in one end of the pipe, will cause another thimble of water to almost instantaneously come out of the other end of the pipe. A pressure wave or shock wave in liquid happens when one liquid molecule pushes on another liquid molecule and the second molecule pushes on a third and so on. For example 1.5 to 2 meters per second is very fast for water to flow in a pipeline. Liquid does not actually travel down a pipe line at these speeds. Thin walled plastic pipe will only bounce a shock wave back at 914 m/s while heavy wall steel pipe will bounce a shock wave back at 2438 m/s. The thicker pipe wall and stronger pipes and fittings the faster shock wave. Characteristics of the pipe such as the materials used in construction, the wall thickness, and the temperature of the pipe all affect the elastic properties of the pipe and how it will respond to surge pressures. This excess pressure is known as surge pressure and is greater with large changes in velocity. When sudden changes in flow occur, the energy associated with the flowing liquid is suddenly transformed into pressure at that location. SOLVING LIQUID HAMMER PROBLEMS, USING PIPENET VISION and CAESAR II Prepared By: Farhad Salehi INTRODUCTION: Liquid hammer is the destructive force, pounding noises and vibration in a piping system when liquid flowing through a pipeline is stopped abruptly.